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Physics Question 12 – NEET-UG 2024

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Given below are two statements : Statement I : Atoms are electrically neutral as they contain equal number of positive and negative charges. Statement II : Atoms of each element are stable and emit their characteristic spectrum. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Evaluate the validity of each statement separately. Consider the fundamental definitions of atomic structure and the conditions required for spectral emission.

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Ninja Strategy•Focus on the 'And' Condition

Recognize that an atom cannot be stable (in its ground state) and simultaneously emit a spectrum, which is a process of de-excitation. This immediately invalidates Statement II, narrowing the choices down significantly.

Step 1: Analyze Statement I✦ Active

Statement I claims that atoms are electrically neutral because they have an equal number of positive and negative charges. In a neutral atom, the number of protons (positive charges) in the nucleus is equal to the number of electrons (negative charges) orbiting the nucleus. This balance results in a net charge of zero. Therefore, Statement I is correct.

Step 2: Analyze Statement II○ Expand

Statement II claims that atoms are stable and emit their characteristic spectrum. While atoms of non-radioactive elements are stable in their ground state, they do not emit a spectrum in this state. Emission of a spectrum occurs when an atom is first excited to a higher, unstable energy level and then de-excites by an electron dropping to a lower, more stable level, releasing a photon. The two conditions, being stable and emitting a spectrum, do not occur simultaneously. Thus, Statement II is incorrect.

💡 Teacher's Secret Hint

Pay close attention to the conjunction 'and'. It implies both conditions are met at the same time, which is the key flaw in the statement.

Step 3: Conclusion○ Expand

Based on the analysis, Statement I is correct, and Statement II is incorrect. Therefore, the most appropriate option is the one that reflects this conclusion.

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