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Biology Question 94 – NEET-UG 2026

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Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells ? (a) Ribosomes are made of 50S and 30S subunits (b) They can have plasmids (c) They contain mesosome (d) They have peroxisomes Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Recall the fundamental structural and functional characteristics that distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.

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Ninja Strategy•Feature-Based Elimination

Identify the definitively incorrect statement (d) to eliminate options containing it, then verify the remaining correct statements to find the complete set.

Step 1: Analyze Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells✦ Active

Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Their cellular components typically include a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material (nucleoid region).

💡 Teacher's Secret Hint

Remember that prokaryotes are evolutionarily older and structurally simpler than eukaryotes.

Step 2: Evaluate Each Statement○ Expand

(a) Ribosomes are made of 50S and 30S subunits: Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, which are composed of a 50S large subunit and a 30S small subunit. This statement is correct. (b) They can have plasmids: Plasmids are small, circular, extra-chromosomal DNA molecules commonly found in prokaryotes, often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance or other beneficial traits. This statement is correct. (c) They contain mesosome: Mesosomes are invaginations of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells, involved in various functions like cell wall formation, DNA replication, and respiration. This statement is correct. (d) They have peroxisomes: Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in metabolic processes, found exclusively in eukaryotic cells. This statement is incorrect.

💡 Teacher's Secret Hint

Pay close attention to the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles when distinguishing between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Step 3: Conclude the Correct Combination○ Expand

Based on the evaluation, statements (a), (b), and (c) are correct characteristics of prokaryotic cells. Therefore, the option that includes (a), (b), and (c) is the correct answer.

💡 Teacher's Secret Hint

Always cross-reference your individual statement evaluations with the provided options to select the best fit.

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