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Chemistry Question 62 – JEE-MAIN 2026

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Given below are two statements : Statement I: Vapours of the liquid with higher boiling point condense before vapours of the liquid with lower boiling points in fractional distillation. Statement II: The vapours rising up in the fractionating column become richer in high boiling component of the mixture. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Fractional distillation separates components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points.

Step 1: Analyze Statement I✦ Active

Statement I discusses the condensation of vapours in fractional distillation. In fractional distillation, the component with a higher boiling point is less volatile. Therefore, its vapours will condense at a higher temperature (or lower in the fractionating column) before the vapours of the lower boiling point component. This is because the higher boiling point component has stronger intermolecular forces and requires less cooling to condense. Thus, Statement I is TRUE.

Step 2: Analyze Statement II○ Expand

Statement II describes the composition of vapours rising in a fractionating column. As vapours rise up the fractionating column, they undergo repeated cycles of vaporization and condensation. In each cycle, the vapour becomes progressively richer in the more volatile component (the one with the lower boiling point). Therefore, the vapours rising up become richer in the *lower* boiling component, not the higher boiling component. Thus, Statement II is FALSE.

Step 3: Combine the results○ Expand

Based on the analysis, Statement I is true, and Statement II is false. This corresponds to option 3.

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